Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni Presentación metacrónica de sarcoma de tejidos blandos, sarcoma cardiaco y cáncer gástrico / Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Metachronous presentation of soft-tissue sarcoma, heart sarcoma and gastric cancer

Resumen El síndrome de Li-Fraumeni (SLF) es un trastorno autosómico dominante hereditario con predisposición al cáncer, está asociado con anomalías en el gen de la proteína tumoral p53 (TP53), que se manifiesta por una amplia gama de neoplasias malignas que aparecen a una edad temprana. Se expone al caso de un adulto joven en quien hicimos este diagnóstico, y se describen las perspectivas terapéuticas en investigación. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2198).

Abstract Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary autosomal dominant disorder with a predisposition to cancer. It is associated with abnormalities of the tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene, manifesting with a broad range of malignant neoplasms which appear at an early age. We discuss the case of a young adult in whom we did this diagnosis, and we describe the therapeutic perspectives being researched. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2198).

Revisitando la indicación de la mastectomía profiláctica contralateral en pacientes con Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni y cáncer de mama. Reporte de un caso / Revisiting the indication for prophylactic contralateral mastectomy in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and breast cáncer. Case report

Objetivo: describir el caso de una paciente con Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni (SLF) y cáncer de mama, en quien se cuestionó el beneficio en la supervivencia de la mastectomía profiláctica contralateral (MPC); asimismo, se pretende hacer una discusión crítica acerca de la evidencia que soporta este procedimiento en esta población. Presentación del caso: mujer de 37 años con cáncer de mama y múltiples antecedentes familiares de cánceres de temprana aparición del espectro del SLF, en quien, durante la adyuvancia hormonal, se confirmó una variante patogénica en el gen TP53. La paciente fue presentada en la Junta Multidisciplinaria del Servicio de Mama de un Centro Oncológico de referencia en Colombia, con el fin de discutir el beneficio de la MPC. La decisión de la junta fue no realizar la MPC. Después de 30 meses de seguimiento la paciente se encuentra libre de enfermedad. Conclusión: no existe evidencia que analice, de forma particular, el impacto de la MPC en la supervivencia de las pacientes con SLF y cáncer de mama. Sin embargo, a la luz del conocimiento actual no es posible generalizar la conducta de omitir esta cirugía profiláctica. Es importante reportar los casos en los que se decida realizar u omitir este procedimiento con el fin de incrementar el cuerpo de la evidencia, dado que existen limitaciones para construir grandes cohortes o estudios experimentales exclusivos para esta alteración genética.

Objective: To describe the case of a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and breast cancer in whom the benefit of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) was challenged; and to offer a critical discussion regarding the evidence supporting this procedure in this patient population. Case presentation: A 37-year-old woman with breast cancer and a family history of multiple early onset cancer of the LFS spectrum in whom a pathogenic variant of the TP53 gene was confirmed during adjuvant hormonal therapy. The case was presented during the multidisciplinary meeting of the Breast Service of a referral oncology center in Colombia, in order to discuss the benefit of CPM. The decision of the board meeting was not to perform CPM. After 30 months of follow-up, the patient is disease-free. Conclusion: There is no evidence on the impact of CPM on survival of patients with LFS and breast cancer in particular. However, in light of the current knowledge, it is not possible to generalize the approach of withholding this prophylactic surgery. It is important to report those cases in which the decision is made to either perform or omit this procedure in order to increase the body of evidence, considering the limitations that make it difficult to build large cohorts or conduct trials exclusively for this genetic disorder.

Importancia del síndrome de Li-Fraumeni, un síndrome genético de predisposición al cáncer / The importance of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a hereditary cancer predisposition disorder

El cáncer en pediatría es una entidad infrecuente. Se estima que más de un 10-15 % de los tumores son secundarios a una variante patogénica en un gen de predisposición al cáncer.Se conocen más de 100 genes de predisposición al cáncer y su asociación con síndromes o tumores aislados. Uno de los más descritos es el síndrome de Li-Fraumeni.Los pacientes con este síndrome tienen alto riesgo de desarrollar uno o más tumores. Su conocimiento permite realizar un protocolo de seguimiento del paciente y de sus familiares afectos, con el que detectar precozmente nuevos tumores y disminuir la morbimortalidad del tumor y de su tratamiento.Esta revisión pretende ser una guía útil para el pediatra. Utilizando como caso guía a una familia, se revisarán los motivos de sospecha de un síndrome de Li-Fraumeni, su diagnóstico clínico y genético, y el protocolo de seguimiento de los familiares portadores de la misma mutación

Pediatric cancer is rare. It is estimated that more than 10-15 % of tumors are secondary to a pathogenic variant in a cancer predisposition gene.More than 100 cancer predisposition genes and their association with syndromes or isolated tumors have been identified. Li-Fraumeni syndrome is one of those who have been most widely described.Patients with this syndrome present a high risk of developing one or more tumors. Its knowledge allows to establish a follow-up protocol for the patient and affected family members, so as to detect new tumors in an early manner and reduce tumor- and treatment-related morbidity and mortality.The objective of this review is to offer useful guidelines for pediatricians. Based on a family case, reasons for Li-Fraumeni syndrome suspicion, clinical and genetic diagnosis, and the follow-up protocol of family members who carry the same mutation will be reviewed.

Metachronic breast and cerebellar neoplasm in a young patient / Neoplasias mamária e cerebelar metacrônicas em uma paciente jovem

Abstract Several factors trigger the development of genetic mutations that are responsible for causing a neoplasm. Medulloblastoma is a malignant and invasive cerebellar neoplasm, that affects children and young adults. Mucinous carcinoma is a special type of breast cancer. Being a special atypical subtype of invasive carcinoma, it most frequently affects women of advanced age and represents 1 to 7% of all breast cancers. The reported case aims to show the rarity of the occurrence of desmoplastic medulloblastoma and mammary mucinous carcinoma in a young patient in a short period of time, in different sites, without direct anatomical attachment and without occurrence of metastasis. Initially, this patient had a desmoplastic medulloblastoma and was treated with lumpectomy and radiotherapy. After 13 months, the patient was diagnosed with a mucinous breast carcinoma, underwent mastectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy and is currently undergoing endocrinotherapy. We conclude, based on the metachronous characteristic of the neoplasia and clinical characteristics, that the patient is likely to have Li-Fraumeni syndrome, an autosomal dominant disease with mutation of the TP53 gene, which is the the main involved. Because the patient does not present all the characteristics of the phenotype of the syndrome, she can thus be classified as having Li-Fraumeni variant or Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome.

Resumo Diversos fatores desencadeiam o desenvolvimento de mutações genéticas que são responsáveis por originar uma neoplasia. O meduloblastoma é uma neoplasia cerebelar maligna e invasiva que acomete crianças e adultos jovens. O carcinoma mucinoso é um tipo de câncer de mama especial por ser um subtipo atípico de carcinoma invasivo, que acomete com maior frequência mulheres de idade avançada e representa entre 1 a 7% do total de neoplasias mamárias. O caso relatado tem como objetivo mostrar a raridade da ocorrência do meduloblastoma desmoplásico e carcinoma mucinoso mamário em uma paciente jovem em um curto período de tempo, em diferentes sítios sem ligação anatômica direta e sem ocorrência de metástase. Inicialmente, esta paciente possuía um meduloblastoma desmoplásico e foi tratada com tumorectomia e radioterapia. Após 13 meses, a paciente foi diagnosticada com carcinoma mucinoso de mama, sendo submetida a mastectomia, quimioterapia adjuvante e atualmente está sendo tratada com endocrinoterapia. Concluímos, com base na característica metacrônica da neoplasia e características clínicas, que a paciente apresenta a síndrome de Li-Fraumeni, doença autossômica dominante com mutação do gene TP53, que é o principal gene envolvido nesta síndrome. Por não apresentar as características completas do fenótipo da síndrome, a paciente pode assim ser classificada como portadora de uma variante da síndorme de Li-Fraumeni ou síndrome do tipo Li-Fraumeni.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma in li-fraumeni syndrome: case-based literature review / Linfoma anaplásico de grandes células associado a implante na síndrome de Li-Fraumeni: relato de caso baseado em revisão de literatura

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare disease related to chronic seroma around breast implants. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma has been recently recognized by the World Health Organization as a type of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast. The main features comprise chronic seroma which develops a year posterior to breast surgery, with symptoms such as breast pain, swelling, skin hyperemia and a nodule or mass of the breast. Li-Fraumeni Syndrome is associated with germline TP53 mutation and enhances the risks of developing many types of cancers, including breast and hematologic malignancies. We report a case of a 56-year-old female with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome and a history of breast cancer who underwent a mastectomy to treat breast cancer and prophylactic contralateral nipple-sparing mastectomy followed by bilateral breast implant reconstruction with textured silicone implants. This patient developed Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma seven years later. A literature review on multidisciplinary approach to this condition was performed.

O linfoma anaplásico de células grandes associado ao implante mamário é uma doença rara relacionada ao seroma crônico em torno dos implantes mamários. O linfoma anaplásico de células grandes associado ao implante foi recentemente reconhecido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como um tipo de linfoma não-Hodgkin de células T da mama. As principais características incluem o seroma crônico que se desenvolve um ano depois da cirurgia da mama, com sintomas como dor na mama, inchaço, hiperemia da pele e um nódulo ou massa da mama. A síndrome de Li-Fraumeni está associada à mutação da linha germinativa no TP53 e aumenta o risco de desenvolvimento de muitos tipos de câncer, incluindo neoplasias mamárias e hematológicas. Relatamos um caso de uma mulher de 56 anos de idade com Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni e um histórico de câncer de mama submetido a uma mastectomia para tratar câncer de mama e mastectomia profilática contralateral poupadora de mamilo seguida de reconstrução bilateral de implantes mamários com implantes de silicone texturizados. Esta paciente desenvolveu linfoma anaplásico de células grandes associado ao implante mamário sete anos depois. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre uma abordagem multidisciplinar para essa condição.

Síndrome de Li Fraumeni: análisis clínico de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Li-Fraumeni syndrome: clinical case study and literature survey / Síndrome de Li Fraumeni: análise clínica de um caso e uma revisão da literatura

Resumen: El síndrome de Li-Fraumeni (SLF) es una enfermedad hereditaria autosómica dominante con elevada penetrancia, que se caracteriza por la aparición precoz de múltiples tumores en un individuo y una marcada agregación familiar. Aproximadamente el 70% de los pacientes que cumplen criterios clínicos para su diagnóstico son portadores de la mutación germinal del gen TP53 localizado en el cromosoma 17p13. El gen TP53 es un supresor tumoral que cumple una importante función en el control de la estabilidad genómica. Se estima que el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer es del 50 % para las mujeres a los 31 años de edad y para los hombres a los 46 años y cerca del 100 % para ambos sexos a los 70 años. El curso clínico de la enfermedad es similar que en pacientes sin SLF a excepción de la edad más temprana al diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 31 años a la que se diagnostica un condrosarcoma pelviano tratado con cirugía y al momento de la recidiva, aproximadamente 8 meses después, un cáncer de mama localizado. En otro miembro de su familia se había identificado la mutación 375G>C en el gen TP53 mediante secuenciación Sanger, la cual fue detectada posteriormente en nuestra paciente. Se discuten aspectos particulares del manejo como la minimización de la exposición a la radioterapia (por reportes de tumores malignos en zonas irradiadas) y el especial manejo de la repercusión del diagnóstico a nivel de los otros integrantes de la familia.

Abstract: The Li-Fraumeni syndrome (SLF) is a highly penetrant condition with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, characterized by an early onset of multiple tumors in a subject and a marked familial occurrence. About 70 % of patients meeting clinical criteria for diagnosis of the disease carry the germline mutation of TP53 gene located in chromosome 17p13. TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene known for its major role in genome stability control. It has been estimated that risk of cancer development is 50 % for women at the age of 31 and for men at the age of 46 and nearly 100 % for both men and women at 70 years of age. Except at earlier ages of diagnosis, the clinical course of the disease for healthy patients and for patients suffering SLF shows similarities. We present the case of a 31-year-old patient diagnosed both with pelvic chondrosarcoma treated surgically and localized breast cancer during relapse, about 8 months later. By Sanger sequencing, mutation 375G>C had been identified in TP53 gene in another family member, and said mutation was later detected in our patient. We discuss particular aspects of treatment procedures, such as minimizing radiotherapy exposure (due to reports of malignancies in radiated areas) and the special management of diagnosis implications for other family members.

Resumo: A síndrome de Li-Fraumeni (SLF) é uma doença hereditária autorexistente dominante com pena de penetração, que caracteriza a aparição precoz de múltiplos tumores em um indivíduo e uma coletânea familiar. Aproximadamente o 70% dos pacientes com critérios clínicos para o diagnóstico em crianças portadores da mutação germinal do gen TP53 localizado no cromosoma 17p13. El gen TP53 é um tumor tumoral que cumple uma função importante no controle da estabilização genómica. Se estima que o riesgo do desengate faz dos 50% para as mulheres aos 31 anos de idade e para os 40 anos e cerca de 100% para ambos os sexos aos 70 anos. O curso clínico da doença é semelhante ao que ocorre com a SLF a exceção da doença mais tem sido diagnosticada. Presentamos o caso de um paciente de 31 años que diagnostica um paciente de pélvico com relato ao momento da recidiva, aproximadamente 8 meses depois, em um lugar de mama próximo. En otio miembro de la familia se habiocuident to the mutación 375G> C en el gen TP53 por secuenciación Sanger, a cual fue detectada em recente paciente. A discussão foi feita sobre os aspectos do tratamento com a minimização da exposição à radioterapia (por tumores malignos em zonas irradiadas) e o especial manejo da repercussão do diagnóstico a nível dos otros integrantes da familia

Pediatric High Grade Gliomas in the Context of Cancer Predisposition Syndromes

Germline mutations in cancer causing genes result in high risk of developing cancer throughout life. These cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) are especially prevalent in childhood brain tumors and impact both the patient's and other family members' survival. Knowledge of specific CPS may alter the management of the cancer, offer novel targeted therapies which may improve survival for these patients, and enables early detection of other malignancies. This review focuses on the role of CPS in pediatric high grade gliomas (PHGG), the deadliest group of childhood brain tumors. Genetic aspects and clinical features are depicted, allowing clinicians to identify and diagnose these syndromes. Challenges in the management of PHGG in the context of each CPS and the promise of innovative options of treatment and surveillance guidelines are discussed with the hope of improving outcome for individuals with these devastating syndromes.

Pediatric High Grade Gliomas in the Context of Cancer Predisposition Syndromes

Germline mutations in cancer causing genes result in high risk of developing cancer throughout life. These cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) are especially prevalent in childhood brain tumors and impact both the patient's and other family members' survival. Knowledge of specific CPS may alter the management of the cancer, offer novel targeted therapies which may improve survival for these patients, and enables early detection of other malignancies. This review focuses on the role of CPS in pediatric high grade gliomas (PHGG), the deadliest group of childhood brain tumors. Genetic aspects and clinical features are depicted, allowing clinicians to identify and diagnose these syndromes. Challenges in the management of PHGG in the context of each CPS and the promise of innovative options of treatment and surveillance guidelines are discussed with the hope of improving outcome for individuals with these devastating syndromes.

Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni / Li-Fraumeni syndrome

El síndrome de Li-Fraumeni se caracteriza por la aparición de tumores en múltiples órganos, generalmente a temprana edad. Esta condición hereditaria es causada por mutaciones germinales en el gen TP53 , que codifica el gen supresor tumoral p53 . Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 31 años con diagnóstico clínico y molecular de síndrome de Li-Fraumeni, que presentó dos tumores sincrónicos a los 31 años: un leiomiosarcoma de antebrazo y un tumor filoides de mama. Tenía el antecedente de un hijo con diagnóstico de carcinoma cortical suprarrenal a los tres años, que falleció a los cinco años debido a la enfermedad. Además, su abuela y su bisabuela maternas habían fallecido de cáncer gástrico a los 56 y 60 años, respectivamente, y la madre y una hermana de su abuelo materno presentaron cáncer de mama pasados los 60 y los 40 años de edad, respectivamente. Después de una asesoría genética, se ordenó hacer la secuenciación completa y el análisis de duplicaciones y deleciones en el gen TP53 . El estudio molecular en una muestra de ADN proveniente de linfocitos de sangre periférica reveló la mutación germinal c.527G>T (p.Cys176Phe) en el exón 5 del gen, mutación deletérea descrita anteriormente en tejidos tumorales. Hasta donde se sabe, este es el primer caso que se publica en Colombia de síndrome de Li-Fraumeni con diagnóstico molecular confirmado. El diagnóstico y el manejo del síndrome de Li-Fraumeni deben estar a cargo de un equipo multidisciplinario, y debe contarse con asesoría genética para el paciente y sus familiares.

The Li-Fraumeni syndrome is characterized clinically by the appearance of tumors in multiple organs generally at an early age. This hereditary condition is caused by germinal mutations in the TP53 gene, which codifies for the tumoural suppressor gene p53 . We present the case of a patient aged 31 with clinical and molecular diagnosis of Li-Fraumeni syndrome who presented two synchronous tumors: a leiomyosarcoma on the forearm and a phyllodes breast tumour. She had a family history of cancer, including a son diagnosed with a cortical adrenal carcinoma when he was three years old, who died at five from the disease. Furthermore, her maternal grandmother and great-grandmother died of stomach cancer at 56 and 60 years old, respectively, while her other great-grandmother and a great aunt presented with breast cancer at the ages of 60 and 40, respectively. After genetic counseling, complete sequencing and analysis of duplications and deletions in the TP53 gene were ordered prior to diagnosis. The molecular analysis of a DNA sample taken from peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed the germinal mutation c.527G>T (p.Cys176Phe) on exon 5 of the TP53 gene, a deleterious mutation described previously in tumoural tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first published case in Colombia of Li-Fraumeni syndrome with confirmed molecular diagnosis. The diagnosis and management of Li-Fraumeni syndrome should be performed by a multidisciplinary team, and genetic counselling should be offered to patients and their relatives.

Pediatric inherited cancer predisposition syndromes and TP53 germ-line mutation / 临床儿科杂志

Pediatric inherited cancer predisposition syndromes are a group of diseases caused by germ-line mutation of cancer related genes. The patients are susceptible to cancers. TP53 germ-line mutation is the most commonly seen mutant gene in cancers that accounts for 20%-30%of all germ-line mutations of inherited cancers. TP53 gene mutation screening could help clinicians to better manage the patients and their family members.

Germline TP53 Mutation and Clinical Characteristics of Korean Patients With Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Little is known of the mutation and tumor spectrum of Korean patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). Owing to the rarity of LFS, few cases have been reported in Korea thus far. This study aimed to retrospectively review the mutations and clinical characteristics of Korean patients with LFS. METHODS: TP53 mutation was screened in 89 unrelated individuals at the Samsung Medical Center in Korea, from 2004 to 2015. Six additional mutation carriers were obtained from the literature. RESULTS: We identified nine different mutations in 14 Korean patients (male to female ratio=0.3:1). Two such frameshift mutations (p.Pro98Leufs*25, p.Pro27Leufs*17) were novel. The recurrent mutations were located at codons 31 (n=2; p.Val31Ile), 175 (n=3; p.Arg175His), and 273 (n=4; p.Arg273His and p.Arg273Cys). The median age at the first tumor onset was 25 yr. Ten patients (71%) developed multiple primary tumors. A diverse spectrum of tumors was observed, including breast (n=6), osteosarcoma (n=4), brain (n=4), leukemia (n=2), stomach (n=2), thyroid (n=2), lung (n=2), skin (n=2), bladder (n=1), nasal cavity cancer (n=1), and adrenocortical carcinoma (n=1). CONCLUSIONS: There was considerable heterogeneity in the TP53 mutations and tumor spectrum in Korean patients with LFS. Our results suggest shared and different LFS characteristics between Caucasian and Korean patients. This is the first report on the mutation spectrum and clinical characteristics from the largest series of Korean LFS patients.

DNA methylation patterns of candidate genes regulated by thymine DNA glycosylase in patients with TP53 germline mutations

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare, autosomal dominant, hereditary cancer predisposition disorder. In Brazil, the p.R337H TP53 founder mutation causes the variant form of LFS, Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome. The occurrence of cancer and age of disease onset are known to vary, even in patients carrying the same mutation, and several mechanisms such as genetic and epigenetic alterations may be involved in this variability. However, the extent of involvement of such events has not been clarified. It is well established that p53 regulates several pathways, including the thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) pathway, which regulates the DNA methylation of several genes. This study aimed to identify the DNA methylation pattern of genes potentially related to the TDG pathway (CDKN2A, FOXA1, HOXD8, OCT4, SOX2, and SOX17) in 30 patients with germline TP53 mutations, 10 patients with wild-type TP53, and 10 healthy individuals. We also evaluated TDG expression in patients with adrenocortical tumors (ADR) with and without the p.R337H TP53 mutation. Gene methylation patterns of peripheral blood DNA samples assessed by pyrosequencing revealed no significant differences between the three groups. However, increased TDG expression was observed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in p.R337H carriers with ADR. Considering the rarity of this phenotype and the relevance of these findings, further studies using a larger sample set are necessary to confirm our results.

Pediatric cancer and Li-Fraumeni/Li-Fraumeni-like syndromes: a review for the pediatrician / Câncer pediátrico e síndrome de Li-Fraumeni/Li-Fraumeni- like: uma revisão para o pediatra.

Summary Introduction: cancer is the second leading cause of death in children between the ages of 0 and 14 years, corresponding to approximately 3% of all cases diagnosed in Brazil. A significant percentage (5-10%) of pediatric cancers are associated with hereditary cancer syndromes, including Li-Fraumeni/Li-Fraumeni-like syndromes (LFS/LFL), both of which are caused by TP53 germline mutations. Recent studies have shown that a specific TP53 mutation, known as p.R337H, is present in 1 in 300 newborns in Southern and Southeast Brazil. In addition, a significant percentage of children with LFS/LFL spectrum tumors in the region have a family history compatible with LFS/LFL. Objective: to review clinical relevant aspects of LFS/LFL by our multidisciplinary team with focus on pediatric cancer. Methods: the NCBI (PubMed) and SciELO databases were consulted using the keywords Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome and pediatric cancer; and all manuscripts published between 1990 and 2014 using these keywords were retrieved and reviewed. Conclusion: although LFS/LFL is considered a rare disease, it appears to be substantially more common in certain geographic regions. Recognition of population- specific risks for the syndrome is important for adequate management of hereditary cancer patients and families. In Southern and Southeastern Brazil, LFS/ LFL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with cancer, especially if within the spectrum of the syndrome. Due to the complexities of these syndromes, a multidisciplinary approach should be sought for the counseling, diagnosis and management of patients and families affected by these disorders. Pediatricians and pediatric oncologists in areas with high prevalence of hereditary cancer syndromes have a central role in the recognition and proper referral of patients and families to genetic cancer risk evaluation and management programs. .

Resumo Introdução: o câncer é a segunda principal causa de morte em crianças com idades entre 0 e 14 anos, correspondendo a cerca de 3% de todos os casos diagnosticados no Brasil. Um percentual significativo (5-10%) dos cânceres pediátricos são associados a síndromes hereditárias para câncer, incluindo Li-Fraumeni/Li-Fraumeni-like síndromes (LFS/LFL), causadas por mutações germinativas no gene TP53. Estudos recentes têm demonstrado que uma mutação específica em TP53, conhecida como p.R337H, está presente em 1 em 300 recém-nascidos no Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Além disso, um percentual significativo de crianças com tumores do espectro LFS/LFL na região têm uma história familiar compatível com a síndrome. Objetivos: revisão dos aspectos clínicos relevantes da LFS/LFL por equipe multidisciplinar, com foco no câncer pediátrico. Métodos: o NCBI (PubMed) e SciELO foram consultados, usando as palavras-chave síndrome de Li-Fraumeni, síndrome de Li-Fraumeni-like e câncer pediátrico. Todos os artigos publicados entre 1990 e 2014 usando essas palavras- chave foram recuperados e revisados. Conclusão: apesar de LFS/LFL ser considerada uma doença rara, ela parece ser mais frequente em certas regiões. Reconhecer os critérios e condutas para identificação de pacientes em risco para LFS/LFL é fundamental para o manejo adequado dos pacientes com câncer hereditários e suas famílias. Devido à complexidade dessas síndromes, a abordagem multidisciplinar deve ser realizada. Pediatras e oncologistas pediátricos em áreas com alta prevalência de síndromes hereditárias de câncer têm um papel central no reconhecimento e encaminhamento adequado dos pacientes e famílias para programas de avaliação do risco de câncer genético e de gestão. .

Angiosarcoma in previously irradiated breast in patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. A case report / Angiossarcoma em mama previamente irradiada em paciente portadora da síndrome de Li-Fraumeni. Um relato de caso

CONTEXT: Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a rare disease with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and high penetrance that defines a 50% chance of developing cancer before the age of 30 years, including cases of breast sarcoma. Patients with this syndrome who require radiotherapy have an increased risk of developing secondary malignancies including angiosarcomas. CASE REPORT: This was a case report on a female patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. In October 2005, she was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast and underwent sectorectomy. She then received chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Trastuzumab and tamoxifen were also part of the treatment. She recently sought care at our hospital, complaining of hyperemia and nodulation in the right breast, and underwent surgical resection that revealed epithelioid angiosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: When genetic predisposition due to Li-Fraumeni syndrome is documented, the therapy should be adapted so as to minimize the risk. Thus, conservative surgical treatments should be avoided and mastectomy without radiation should be prioritized. In cases in which use of radiotherapy is justified, patients should be followed up intensively. .

CONTEXTO: A síndrome de Li-Fraumeni é doença rara que apresenta padrão de herança autossômica dominante e alta penetrância, definindo possibilidade de 50% no desenvolvimento de neoplasias antes dos 30 anos, incluindo nesses casos os sarcomas em mama. Pacientes portadoras dessa síndrome que requerem tratamento radioterápico têm risco aumentado de desenvolver neoplasias secundárias, incluindo os angiossarcomas. RELATO DE CASO: Este é um relato de caso de paciente feminina, portadora da síndrome de Li-Fraumeni. Em outubro de 2005, ela teve diagnóstico de carcinoma ductal invasor da mama direita, sendo submetida à setorectomia. Recebeu quimioterapia e radioterapia adjuvante; trastuzumabe e tamoxifeno também fizeram parte do tratamento. Recentemente, procurou atendimento em nosso serviço, com queixa de hiperemia e nodulação em mama direita, e foi submetida a ressecção cirúrgica que revelou angiossarcoma epitelioide. CONCLUSÕES: Quando a predisposição genética da síndrome de Li-Fraumeni está documentada, devese adequar a terapêutica a fim de minimizar riscos, evitando tratamentos cirúrgicos conservadores e priorizando a mastectomia sem radioterapia. Nos casos em que se justifica o uso de radioterapia, os pacientes devem ser acompanhados de forma intensiva. .

Tumoración pélvica en una paciente con síndrome de li fraumeni / Pelvic tumor in a patient with li-fraumeni syndrome

El síndrome de Li Fraumeni (SLF) es una rara enfermedad hereditaria asociada con un riesgo incrementado de padecer ciertos tumores malignos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de SLF con antecedentes de sarcoma de glúteo con metástasis pulmonares y cáncer de mama bilateral metacrónico. Acudió al Servicio de Urgencias por distensión y dolor abdominal. Se objetivó una masa pélvica y se pensó en un probable origen ovárico de la misma. La paciente fue intervenida en el Servicio de Ginecología, y durante la intervención se descartó dicho origen ya que la tumoración dependía del epiplón. El diagnóstico final fue metástasis de sarcoma.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare, inherited syndrome associated with increased risk of various malignant tumors. We present the case of a patient diagnosed LSF with a history of gluteal sarcoma with lung metastases and metachronous bilateral breast cáncer. She came to the emergency department for abdominal bloating and pain. She had a pelvic mass and we had thought probable ovarian dependence. The patient was operated on at the Department of Gynecology, and during the intervention we realized that the tumor depended on the omentum. The final diagnosis was a metastatic of sarcoma.

Osteosarcoma with Adenocarcinoma of Lung in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome: A Case Report / 대한골관절종양학회지

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder characterised by a variety of different tumor types in children and young adults. That contains with a germline mutation in the tumor suppressor gene Tumor Protein p53 (TP53). That is extremely rare. Furthermore, this is sometimes overlooked. Here, we report a case of LFS which was confirmed by mutational analysis of the p53 gene. Also, literature review is intended to improve understanding of this disease entity.

A Case of Late-Onset Li-Fraumeni-like Syndrome with Unilateral Breast Cancer

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare, inherited syndrome associated with increased risk of various early-onset tumors. Since the introduction of classic LFS criteria, various criteria have been proposed to include patients with incomplete LFS features, which make up Li-Fraumeni-like syndromes (LFL). Germline missense mutations of TP53 are the primary cause of LFS and LFL. Mutations mostly reside in the DNA-binding domain of the gene and have a dominant-negative effect (DNE) over alternate wild-type alleles. Germline TP53 mutation c.566C>T results in the missense mutation GCC (Ala) to GTC (Val) at codon 189 (A189V) and has been reported in a case of multiple primary colon tumors. Herein we report a second case of the same mutation in a breast cancer patient, who has familial history of late-onset malignancies. Due to the relatively late onset of malignancies, neither case fulfils previously defined criteria for the syndrome. Mutational analysis for breast tissue in this patient showed a loss of heterozygosity. These clinical features may suggest a relatively weak DNE of A189V compared to other TP53 mutations, and in silico predictions and in vitro findings of the function of A189V mutant protein are conflicting. Considering the increased risk of malignancies and the therapeutic implications for patients who have a TP53 mutation, care must be taken when treating those who are suspected of possessing cancer-prone traits due to TP53 mutation, especially when there is a family history of late-onset cancer with low penetrance.

A Case of Late-Onset Li-Fraumeni-like Syndrome with Unilateral Breast Cancer

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare, inherited syndrome associated with increased risk of various early-onset tumors. Since the introduction of classic LFS criteria, various criteria have been proposed to include patients with incomplete LFS features, which make up Li-Fraumeni-like syndromes (LFL). Germline missense mutations of TP53 are the primary cause of LFS and LFL. Mutations mostly reside in the DNA-binding domain of the gene and have a dominant-negative effect (DNE) over alternate wild-type alleles. Germline TP53 mutation c.566C>T results in the missense mutation GCC (Ala) to GTC (Val) at codon 189 (A189V) and has been reported in a case of multiple primary colon tumors. Herein we report a second case of the same mutation in a breast cancer patient, who has familial history of late-onset malignancies. Due to the relatively late onset of malignancies, neither case fulfils previously defined criteria for the syndrome. Mutational analysis for breast tissue in this patient showed a loss of heterozygosity. These clinical features may suggest a relatively weak DNE of A189V compared to other TP53 mutations, and in silico predictions and in vitro findings of the function of A189V mutant protein are conflicting. Considering the increased risk of malignancies and the therapeutic implications for patients who have a TP53 mutation, care must be taken when treating those who are suspected of possessing cancer-prone traits due to TP53 mutation, especially when there is a family history of late-onset cancer with low penetrance.

Clinical approach of hereditary cancer in gynecology / 대한산부인과학회지

Hereditary cancer syndrome is a genetic condition that causes and increases the risk for specific type of cancers. Recent advances in genetics have identified a number of genes associated with inherited susceptibility to cancer, and this rapid development of knowledge about cancer genetics have implications for all aspects of cancer management, including prevention, screening, and treatment. Hereditary patterns of cancer are often characterized by early age at onset, high penetrance, bilaterality in paired organs, vertical transmission through either parent, and an association with other types of tumors. Most representative hereditary cancer syndromes in gynecologic field are hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and Cowden syndrome. Several familial mutations of specific genes, such as BRCA1, 2, TP53, PTEN, MMR, CHEK2, are linked to hereditary cancer syndrome, which are responsible for hereditary gynecologic cancers. It would be very important for gynecologic doctors to know the inclusion criteria for the genetic assessment, taking family history, clinical evaluation, genetic testing, screening guideline and risk reduction strategies for women with hereditary high risk factor. The morbidity and mortality of gynecologic malignancies related to these syndromes could be reduced by the adequate clinical approach, although recent guidelines were developed with an acute awareness of the preliminary nature of much of our knowledge regarding the clinical application of the rapidly emerging field of molecular genetics, and with an appreciation for the need for flexibility when applying these guidelines to individual families.

Genetic Counseling Can Influence the Course of a Suspected Familial Cancer Syndrome Patient: From a Case of Li-Fraumeni Like Syndrome with a Germline Mutation in the TP53 Gene / 대한진단검사의학회지

We report a 26-yr-old female patient with bilateral breast cancer who was clinically diagnosed with Li-Fraumeni like syndrome (LFL) and subsequently found to have a germline mutation of the TP53 gene. The patient was initially diagnosed with right breast cancer at age 24 yr and then with left breast cancer at age 25 yr. Surgery and radiotherapy were performed accordingly. The patient had a family history of various types of early onset cancers and was referred to a genetic counseling clinic. She was clinically diagnosed with LFL. Genetic analysis of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene was performed with the patient's consent. Direct sequencing of TP53 gene exons 5, 6, 8, 9, and 11 revealed a ermline missense mutation, resulting in an amino acid change from an arginine to a histidine (g.13203G>A, p.R175H). Considering the family history, individualized cancer surveillance was performed including a gastroscopy and a brain MRI. Even though the patient had not shown any neurological symptoms, a huge mass on the temporal lobe was incidentally found and the patient received surgery and radiotherapy. Although the residual mass required further treatment, the patient decided on supportive care alone and was discharged. We report a case of LFL, with a germline TP53 mutation, which was confirmed by gene sequencing in Korea. This case shows how genetic predisposition screening and counseling in patients, suspected of having a familial cancer syndrome, can influence the course of the patient.